Conocimiento y conductas de protección solar de pescadores en Chile / Knowledge and sun protection behaviors of fishermen in Chile

INTRODUCCIÓN: La sobreexposición a la radiación ultravioleta (RUV) es un factor de riesgo importante para el desarrollo de cáncer de piel (CP). Aquellos trabajadores que realizan labores al aire libre, como los pescadores, son un grupo de riesgo, por lo que es importante saber si tienen los conocimientos y realizan las conductas que les permitan protegerse de la RUV. OBJETIVO: Evaluar en un grupo de pescadores el conocimiento respecto a los riesgos de la exposición solar y sus conductas respecto a medidas de protección solar. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: Los datos fueron obtenidos por encuestas a 133 pescadores. Se obtuvieron antecedentes sociodemográficos y se aplicó un cuestionario de 11 preguntas para evaluar conocimiento sobre riesgos de la RUV y conductas de fotoprotección. RESULTADOS: La cohorte incluyó a 133 pescadores, todos fueron hombres con edad promedio de 48 +/- 11,2 años. Un 86% de los pescadores conocía la relación entre exposición solar/CP. En cuanto al uso de filtro solar (FS), un 54,8% de los trabajadores reportó nunca haberlo utilizado y un 41% lo hacía solo una vez al día. Los pescadores con escolaridad incompleta presentan 2,6 veces menor probabilidad de utilizar FS (OR 2.6; p<0.05). Además, aquellos con conocimiento de la relación RUV y fotoenvejecimiento, presentaban 3,75 veces más probabilidad de utilizar FS (OR 3.75) (p<0.05). CONCLUSIÓN: Este primer estudio sobre protección solar en pescadores muestra que la mayoría están en conocimiento de los riesgos a la salud. Sin embargo, no utilizan las medidas de protección recomendadas y aquellos que las utilizan, no lo hacen de la manera adecuada.

INTRODUCTION: Overexposure to ultraviolet radiation (UVR) is the main risk factor for the development of skin cancer (SC). Outdoor workers, such as fishermen are a risk group. Therefore, it is important to study if they have the knowledge towards sun exposure and also to know their solar protection behaviors. OBJETIVE: To evaluate in a group of fishermen if they have the knowledge about the risks of solar exposure and their behavior regarding sun protection measures. MATERIALS y METHODS: Data was obtained from a survey applied to 133 fishermen. Collected information included sociodemographic characteristics and 11 questions about knowledge and their sun protection measures. RESULTS: The cohort included 133 fishermen, all were male with an age average of 48 +/- 11,2 years. 86% knew about the relation between solar exposure and skin cancer. When asked about sunscreen use, 54.8% declared they never used it and 41,0% did only once a day. The fishermen who had incomplete secondary school studies were less likely to use sunscreen (OR 2.6) (p<0.05). Those who had knowledge of the relation between UVR and aging were 3,75 times more likely to use sunscreen. CONCLUSION: This is the first study about solar protection knowledge and photoprotection measures upon fishermen, performed in Chile. Most fishermen were aware of the health risks. However, they do not use the recommended protection measures, and those who use them, do not do it properly

Caracterización de sífilis en embarazadas controladas en la unidad de atención y control en salud sexual del hospital San José (HSJ), Santiago de Chile (2010-2016) / Characterization of syphilis in controlled pregnant women in the sexual health care and control unit of hospital San José (HSJ), Santiago de Chile (2010-2016)

Introducción: La sífilis gestacional continúa sien-do un problema de salud pública en el mundo. Produce severos efectos adversos en la madre y en el feto de no ser tratada. En Chile, el Ministerio de Salud ha establecido un tamizaje para esta infección cada 3 meses en el embarazo y al momento del parto. Un tratamiento adecuado y oportuno es capaz de prevenir todos los efectos adversos de la sífilis en el embarazo. Métodos: Este fue un estudio transversal retrospectivo que incluyó a 406 embarazadas controladas en la Unidad de Atención y Control en Salud Sexual (UNACESS) del Hospital San José (HSJ) entre los años 2010-2016. Resultados: Los resultados del estudio fueron que un 87,7% de las embarazadas eran chilenas y un 12,3% de otras nacionalidades. Las nacionalidades más frecuentes para el grupo de extranjeras fueron: 54% peruanas y 18% haitianas. Al ingreso al estudio, 47,5% de las embarazadas se encontraban en el segundo trimestre de embarazo. De todas las participantes, un 38,7% se encontraba en riesgo de sífilis congénita. Discusión: En total, un 23% de las participantes presentó un falso positivo biológico, cifra similar a la reportada en otros estudios. En este estudio encontramos que, en gestantes extranjeras, había mayor proporción de diagnóstico tardío en que chilenas. Esto podría deberse a dificultades para ingresar a la atención en salud. Conclusión: Pese a que en Chile contamos con buenas tasas de diagnóstico, el manejo de la sífilis gestacional podría ser mejorado con una detección y tratamiento temprano. Las extranjeras buscaron atención en salud más tarde que las chilenas, por lo tanto, recibieron tratamiento más tardío y con mayor riesgo de sífilis congénita. Esto se puede explicar por dificultades para ingresar al sistema de salud.

Introduction: Syphilis in pregnancy remains a global public health problem with severe outcomes if it is not treated properly. The Chilean Ministry of Health has established syphilis screening at three times during pregnancy, with a final retest is during labor. An adequate treatment can prevent all side effects of syphilis in pregnancy. Methods: This was a descriptive, transversal study which included 406 pregnant women who consulted for potential syphilis at the Control and Treatment of Sexual Health Unit (UNACESS in Spanish) of San José Hospital (HSJ) in Santiago, Chile from 2010 to 2016.Results: A 87,7% of the pregnant women were Chilean, while 12,3% had a different nationality. Among immigrants, the most frequent nationalities were: peruvian 54% and Haitian 18%. At enrol-ment, 47,5% of the pregnant women were in their second trimester. 38,4% was at risk of congenital syphilis.Discussion: Overall, 23,1% of the participants had a false positive test, which is congruent with pre-viously reported data. In this study, we found a higher rate of late diagnosis, mainly in the immigrant pregnant women, which could be due to difficulties in accessing healthcare and cultural matters. Conclusion: Despite a high overall treatment rate, antenatal syphilis management in this population could be improved by earlier detection and treatment. Immigrant women sought attention later in pregnancy, thus receiving delayed treatment with higher risk of congenital syphilis. This could be explained by obstacles in their access to healthcare.

Infecciones de transmisión sexual: concordancia diagnóstica entre profesionales de atención primaria de la zona norte de Santiago y dermatólogos del Hospital San José / Sexually transmitted infections: concordance diagnosis among primary care professionals of the north zone of Santiago and dermatologists of the San José Hospital

Introducción: Las infecciones de transmisión sexual (ITS) son una prioridad en salud pública, por su alta prevalencia, impacto en la calidad de vida y repercusiones económicas. Actualmente, no existen publicaciones que analicen la concordancia diagnóstica de las ITS entre el nivel primario y el nivel secundario de atención. Objetivo: Analizar la concordancia diagnóstica entre profesionales de atención primaria de salud (APS) y especialistas de la UNACESS en el diagnóstico de las ITS. Metodología: Se analizaron retrospectivamente las fichas de 627 pacientes derivados desde APS de la zona norte de Santiago a la UNACESS (Unidad de Atención y Control en Salud Sexual) del Hospital San José entre enero de 2015 y enero de 2016, según diagnóstico de referencia y contrarreferencia. Además, se analizó: el profesional derivador, sexo, edad y nacionalidad del paciente. El grado de concordancia diagnóstica se determinó mediante el coeficiente kappa de Cohen. Resultados: El 74% de las interconsultas desde APS fueron emitidas por matronas y el 26% por médicos. Los diagnósticos de referencia más prevalentes fueron: Condiloma acuminado (64.43%), molusco contagioso (8.13%), sífilis (7.34%), uretritis (7.02%) y herpes genital (3.67%). Los diagnósticos de contrarreferencia más prevalentes fueron: Condiloma acuminado (51.20%), sífilis (10.85%), molusco contagioso (10.37%), uretritis (6.86%) y herpes genital (3.51%). La concordancia diagnóstica global del estudio fue moderada (54%). Los médicos de APS lograron una concordancia sustancial (62%) y las matronas una concordancia moderada (49.19%) respecto a los diagnósticos realizados por el especialista. Conclusión: De los resultados, podemos concluir que existe una concordancia diagnóstica moderada entre los profesionales APS y los médicos especialistas de la UNACESS. Es fundamental reforzar la formación en ITS y elaborar estrategias de capacitación dirigido a médicos generales y matronas de APS.

Introduction: Sexually transmitted infections (STI) are a public health priority because of its high prevalence, economic repercussions and impact on a person's quality of life. Currently, there are no reports that analyse the diagnostic agreement of STI between primary and secondary health care professionals. Objective: To analyse the diagnostic concordance of STI amongst primary and secondary health care professionals. Methodology: Data is from 627 patients that were referred according to: referral and counter-referral diagnosis from Primary Health Care (PHC) of the northern zone of Santiago to San José Hospital´s Sexual Health Attention and Control Unit (UNACESS) during January 2015 until January 2016. It was also taken into consideration; the referring physician, patients sex and age. The level of diagnostic concordance was determined by the Cohen's kappa coefficient. Results: From the PHC consultations, 74% of the consultations were issued by midwives and 26% by doctors. The predominant referral diagnoses were: Condyloma acuminatum (64.43%), molluscum contagiosum (8.13%), syphilis (7.34%), urethritis (7.02%) and genital herpes (3.67%). The prevalent counter-referral diagnoses were: condylomas (51.20%), syphilis (10.85%), molluscum contagiosum (10.37%), urethritis (6.86%), and genital herpes (3.51%). The study's overall diagnostic concordance was moderate (54%). PHC physicians achieved a substantial concordance (62%) and midwives had a moderate concordance (49.19%) to the diagnoses made by the specialist. Conclusions: There is a moderate diagnostic concordance between the PHC professionals and the specialists' doctors of UNACESS. It is crucial to reinforce STI training and develop training strategies for general physicians and PHC midwives.

Manifestaciones mucocutáneas del paciente pediátrico con enfermedades autoinmunes del Hospital Roberto del Río / Mucocutaneous manifestations of the pediatric patient with autoimmune diseases of the Roberto del Río Hospital

Las enfermedades autoinmunes son desórdenes heterogéneos que pueden comprometer distintos órganos. Su frecuencia es baja, se estima que 3 de cada 1.000 niños cursan con alguna condición reumatológica. Las patologías reumatológicas más comunes en la edad pediátrica son la artritis idiopática juvenil (AIJ) seguida por el lupus eritematoso sistémico (LES), dermatomiositis juvenil (DMJ), vasculitis primarias y la esclerodermia. Materiales y Métodos: Se efectuó un estudio descriptivo retrospectivo de pacientes pediátricos atendidos en el servicio de inmunología del Hospital Roberto del Rio entre los años 1990 y 2011. Se pesquisaron un total de 102 pacientes, con diagnósticos de AIJ, LES y DMJ. Se diseñó una ficha de protocolo, con los datos: edad, sexo, antecedentes familiares, manifestaciones cutáneas al diagnóstico y a lo largo de la evolución. Para el análisis estadístico de variables, se utilizó el programa STATA 8.0. Resultados: El 45,45% de los pacientes con AIJ presentó lesiones cutáneas, sin embargo, sólo un 20% de ellas, relacionadas a esta enfermedad. El 91,7% de los pacientes con LES presentó manifestaciones cutáneas, siendo la vasculitis cutánea y el eritema malar, las más frecuentes. En los pacientes con DMJ, el eritema heliotropo y pápulas de Gottron fueron las manifestaciones cutáneas más comunes. Conclusión: Los hallazgos cutáneos cobran un rol muy importante en el diagnostico enfermedades autoinmunes. Estos datos demuestran la importancia de un examen dermatólogico exhaustivo para su diagnóstico precoz y evitar sus complicaciones.

Background: Autoimmune diseases are disorders that can compromise different organs. Its frequency is low, it is estimated that 3 out of every 1,000 children are affected with any rheumatologic condition. The most common rheumatic diseases in children are juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) followed by systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), juvenile dermatomyositis (DMJ), primary vasculitis and esclerodermia.2 Materials and Methods: A retrospective study was conducted in pediatric patients seen in the Department of Immunology from the Roberto del Rio Hospital between 1990 and 2011. Records of 105 patients with the diagnosis of juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA), systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and juvenile dermatomyositis (JDM) have been included. We designed a protocol file with the given data: Age, sex, family history, skin manifestations at the diagnosis and throughout the evolution. The program STATA 8.0 was used for statistical analysis of variable. Results: 45.45% of JIA patients had some type of skin lesions, however, only 20% of them related to this disease. 91.7% of SLE patients presented cutaneous manifestations, the most common being cutaneous vasculitis and malar erythema. In patients with JDM, heliotrope erythema and papules Gottron were the most common skin manifestations. Discussion: Cutaneous manifestations have a very important role in autoimmune diseases. While the diagnosis and management of these diseases require a multidisciplinary team, these data demonstrate the importance of an exhaustive physical examination for early diagnosis and thereby reduce complications. Conclusions: This study highlights the importance of the dermatologist in an early diagnosis of rheumatic diseases.

[Skin manifestations in adults with a liver allograft]. / Manifestaciones cutáneas en adultos con trasplante hepático del Hospital Clínico de la Universidad de Chile.

BACKGROUND: Skin manifestations after liver transplantation are increasing due to long term immunosuppressive therapy along with an increase in patient survival. Several studies have reported dermatologic complications following renal transplant, but few have studied dermatologic problems after liver transplantation. AIMS: To describe the different types of cutaneous lesions encountered in adults receiving a liver allograft. To evaluate the frequency of cutaneous manifestations of patients in the liver transplant waiting list. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Eighty patients submitted to a liver transplant and 70 patients in the liver transplant waiting list were evaluated with a complete dermatological physical examination. RESULTS: Sixty one percent of patients with a liver allograft had at least one skin manifestation. Of these, 34% had superficial fungal infections, 31% had viral infections, 20% had cutaneous side effects due to immunosuppressive treatment, 10% had malignant lesions, 2% had bacterial infections and one patient had a graft versus host disease. Only 28% of patients in the liver transplant waiting list had dermatologic problems, and the vast majority were lesions linked to liver cirrhosis. CONCLUSIONS: Cutaneous infections were the most common skin problems in liver transplant patients. Although neoplastic lesions are the most commonly mentioned lesions in the literature, only a 10% of our liver transplant patients presented these type of lesions.

Manifestaciones cutáneas en adultos con trasplante hepático del Hospital Clínico de la Universidad de Chile / Skin manifestations in adults with a liver allograft

Background: Skin manifestations after liver transplantation are increasing due to long term immunosuppressive therapy along with an increase in patient survival. Several studies have reported dermatologic complications following renal transplant, but few have studied dermatologic problems after liver transplantation. Aims: To describe the different types of cutaneous lesions encountered in adults receiving a liver allograft. To evaluate the frequency of cutaneous manifestations of patients in the liver transplant waiting list. Material and Methods: Eighty patients submitted to a liver transplant and 70 patients in the liver transplant waiting list were evaluated with a complete dermatological physical examination. Results: Sixty one percent of patients with a liver allograft had at least one skin manifestation. Of these, 34% had superficial fungal infections, 31% had viral infections, 20% had cutaneous side effects due to immunosuppressive treatment, 10% had malignant lesions, 2% had bacterial infections and one patient had a graft versus host disease. Only 28% of patients in the liver transplant waiting list had dermatologic problems, and the vast majority were lesions linked to liver cirrhosis. Conclusions: Cutaneous infections were the most common skin problems in liver transplant patients. Although neoplastic lesions are the most commonly mentioned lesions in the literature, only a 10% of our liver transplant patients presented these type of lesions.

Malignant melanoma in Chile: different site distribution between private and state patients.

BACKGROUND: The body site location of primary Malignant Melanoma (MM) has been correlated with prognosis and survival. Ethnic, genetics, sun exposure factors are related to the anatomical distribution of MM. Low and high socioeconomic strata in Chile differ in ethnic, genetic and cultural conditions. The purpose of this study was to analyze the anatomical MM distribution in the Chilean population in both strata searching for differences due to their ethno-genetic-cultural differences. Records of 1148 MM, 575 cases from state hospitals (Low Socioeconomic Strata, LSS) and 573 cases from private clinics (High Socioeconomic Strata, HSS) were analyzed by body site. RESULTS: Females from LSS showed a higher number of MM in soles, cheeks, and around the eye area. Females from the HSS showed a higher number of MM in dorsal feet and dorsal hands. Males from LSS showed a higher number of MM in soles, around the eye area, and cheeks. However, males from HSS showed a higher number of MM in the trunk, and in the arms. Acral MM was significantly higher in LSS than in the HSS in both sexes. The Chilean population from the HSS and LSS showed differences in the distribution of MM by site. Furthermore, gender differences in the proportion of MM analyzed by anatomical site are observed in both strata. CONCLUSIONS: Results show evidence that differential genetics factors, sun exposure, or other environmental or cultural factors of both strata may account for these differences.

Malignant melanoma in Chile: different site distribution between private and state patients

BACKGROUND: The body site location of primary Malignant Melanoma (MM) has been correlated with prognosis and survival. Ethnic, genetics, sun exposure factors are related to the anatomical distribution of MM. Low and high socioeconomic strata in Chile differ in ethnic, genetic and cultural conditions. The purpose of this study was to analyze the anatomical MM distribution in the Chilean population in both strata searching for differences due to their ethno-genetic-cultural differences. Records of 1148 MM, 575cases from state hospitals (Low Socioeconomic Strata, LSS) and 573 cases from private clinics (High Socioeconomic Strata, HSS) were analyzed by body site. RESULTS: Females from LSS showed a higher number of MM in soles, cheeks, and around the eye area. Females from the HSS showed a higher number of MM in dorsal feet and dorsal hands. Males from LSS showed a higher number of MM in soles, around the eye area, and cheeks. However, males from HSS showed a higher number of MM in the trunk, and in the arms. Acral MM was significantly higher in LSS than in the HSS in both sexes. The Chilean population from the HSS and LSS showed differences in the distribution of MM by site. Furthermore, gender differences in the proportion of MM analyzed by anatomical site are observed in both strata. CONCLUSIONS: Results show evidence that differential genetics factors, sun exposure, or other environmental or cultural factors of both strata may account for these differences.

Campaña de educación y detección del cáncer a la piel / Campaign of education and detection of skin cancer

En Octubre de 2002, nuestro Servicio lanzó una campaña de tres días de duración, denominada Exposol, dirigida a educar sobre los riesgos de la exposición solar y a la detección precoz del cáncer de piel en Santiago. Un total de 2.378 personas asistieron a la campaña. Ochocientas noventa y cinco personas fueron evaluadas por dermatólogos al referir lesiones sospechosas de ellos, un 9 por ciento presentaban, clínicamente, lesiones cutáneas de aspecto maligno. Nuestros resultados son similares a publicaciones internacionales. Campañas de este tipo pueden ayudar a disminuir las cifras de incidencia de cáncer de piel, pero deben realizarse esfuerzos adicionales y continuos para llegar con este mensaje a la mayor cantidad de la población.

Asertividad en el diagnóstico clínico de los tumores cutáneos / Assessment of clinical diagnostic accuracy for skin cancer

Background: There is an increase in the incidence rates of skin cancer in Chile. Aim: To study the clinical diagnostic accuracy (CDA) for skin cancer. Material y methods: CDA was defined as the percentage of agreement between clinical and pathological diagnosis. Approximately 600,000 pathological reports from five hospitals in Santiago were reviewed. A total of 2,593 skin tumours; 230 Malignant Melanoma (MM); 412 Squamous Cell Carcinoma (SCC) and 1,951 Basal Cell Carcinoma (BCC) were studied. These tumours were clinically diagnosed and surgically treated by dermatologists. The CDA was studied for each tumour, by the anatomical localization of the tumour, Breslow Index in MM, by age and sex of the patient. Results: The highest CDA was observed for BCC (76.2%); followed by MM (64.3%) and SCC (34.7%). By anatomical localization, for MM the highest CDA was observed in the soles (p <0.05); for BCC, the hightest CDA was in the face (p <0.05). No significant differences were observed in SCC. By age, for MM, the CDA was higher in patients aged less than 50 years. No differences in CDA by age were observed in the other two tumours. By sex, no differences were found. A higher CDA was found in MM with Breslow indexes III and IV than for MM with Breslow indexes I and II. Conclusions: CDA is affected by the clinical variables analyzed in this study. A more accurate clinical diagnosis of skin cancer could be obtained taking into account these variables (Rev Méd Chile 2003; 131: 1421-7).

[Assessment of clinical diagnostic accuracy for skin cancer]. / Asertividad en el diagnóstico clínico de los tumores cutáneos.

BACKGROUND: There is an increase in the incidence rates of skin cancer in Chile. AIM: To study the clinical diagnostic accuracy (CDA) for skin cancer. MATERIAL AND METHODS: CDA was defined as the percentage of agreement between clinical and pathological diagnosis. Approximately 600,000 pathological reports from five hospitals in Santiago were reviewed. A total of 2,593 skin tumours; 230 Malignant Melanoma (MM); 412 Squamous Cell Carcinoma (SCC) and 1,951 Basal Cell Carcinoma (BCC) were studied. These tumours were clinically diagnosed and surgically treated by dermatologists. The CDA was studied for each tumour, by the anatomical localization of the tumour, Breslow Index in MM, by age and sex of the patient. RESULTS: The highest CDA was observed for BCC (76.2%); followed by MM (64.3%) and SCC (34.7%). By anatomical localization, for MM the highest CDA was observed in the soles (p < 0.05); for BCC, the highest CDA was in the face (p < 0.05). No significant differences were observed in SCC. By age, for MM, the CDA was higher in patients aged less than 50 years. No differences in CDA by age were observed in the other two tumours. By sex, no differences were found. A higher CDA was found in MM with Breslow indexes III and IV than for MM with Breslow indexes I and II. CONCLUSIONS: CDA is affected by the clinical variables analyzed in this study. A more accurate clinical diagnosis of skin cancer could be obtained taking into account these variables.

Tabaquismo y carcinoma basocelular / Smoking and basal cell carcinoma

El efecto del tabaquismo en el ser humano ha sido extensamente estudiado. Varios trabajos demuestran mayor riesgo de carcinoma espinocelular (CEC) entre fumadores. Sin embargo, no se ha encontrado una clara relación entre tabaquismo y carcinoma basocelular (CBC). El principal objetivo de este estudio fue analizar el hábito de tabaquismo en 124 pacientes (55 hombres y 69 mujeres) con CBC (edad promedio de 67,94 años) y establecer el efecto del tabaquismo en los aspectos clínicos e histopatológicos del CBC. Se clasificó a los pacientes en fumadores y no fumadores. En cada CBC se estudió: localización específica dentro de la cara, diámetro mayor, ulceración y tipo histológico. Se usó chi cuadrado para el análisis estadístico. Solamente un 25 por ciento de los CBC resultaron ser fumadores. No se encontraron diferencias significativas en cuanto a localización, ulceración, diámetro, tipo histológico y agresividad histopatológica entre fumadores y no fumadores. Este estudio no mostró ningún efecto de tabaquismo en los aspectos clínicos e histopatológicos del CBC. Nuevos estudios deberán realizarse en el futuro en relación al tabaquismo como factor de riesgo para melanoma maligno y CEC.

[Sexual dimorphism in skin, eye and hair color and the presence of freckles in Chilean teenagers from two socioeconomic strata]. / Dimorfismo sexual en la pigmentación de la piel, color de ojos y pelo y presencia de pecas en adolescentes chilenos en dos estratos socioeconómicos.

BACKGROUND: The risk of skin cancer is correlated with skin colour. Pigmentation protects against the effects of UV radiation. AIM: To study skin, eyes and hair colour in Chilean teenagers. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The constitutive skin, hair and eyes colour and the presence of freckles was studied in 716 teenagers (416 females) of a low socio economical level and in 307 teenagers (155 females) of a high socio economical level. RESULTS: The proportion of foreign surnames was higher in the high stratum and we only found aboriginal surnames in the low stratum. The females of the lower stratum presented lighter skin than males. This difference was not observed in the higher stratum. We did not find significant differences in the eye colour between sexes, however, adolescents from the high stratum presented lighter eye colour. Females had lighter hair colour than males in both strata, also, we found lighter hair colour in the high stratum. We did not find significant differences in the presence of freckles between strata, but, the proportion of females with freckles was higher than that of males in both strata. CONCLUSIONS: Our results may identify different groups of people, within the Chilean population, with different susceptibility to the effects of ultraviolet radiation.

Sarcoma de Kaposi: a propósito de una revisión clinicopatológica / Kaposi's sarcoma: a propose of a clinic-pathological review

Desde la aparición de la enfermedad del Sida, se ha profundizado el estudio sobre sarcoma de kaposi (SK) debido a la asociación de esta neoplasia con la infección por el virus VIH. Sin embargo, debe recordarse que existen también otras formas de sarcoma de kaposi no asociadas al Sida. Ultimamente se ha investigado la patogenia del SK y se han postulado varias teorías que explicarían el origen de esta enfermedad. En el presente trabajo, se analizan las características clínicas, histológicas, junto a la etiología de esta neoplasia, así como su tratamiento; además, se incluye el análisis del diagnóstico histológico realizado de los casos biopsiados en nuestro Departamento desde 1979 a 1994

Células de Langerhans en el SIDA / Langerhans` cells in AIDS

Las células de Langerhans cumplen una función importante en el sistema inmunológico de la piel como células presentadoras de antígeno. Estas células presentan receptores CD4 que las harían vulnerables al ataque por el virus VIH (Virus de Inmunodeficiencia Humana). Tanto la infección de las células de Langerhans por el virus VIH como la función de estas células en la enfermedad del SIDA presentan un tema de gran controversia e interés. Los resultados presentados en la literatura en relación a la presencia del virus VIH en células de Langerhans son contradictorios. Se presentan estos resultados y se discute el rol de las células de Langerhans en el SIDA